Friday, August 6, 2010

Know your Grammar

The Noun

A noun is a word which is used as the name of anythings

Types of Noun

1. Common Nouns: name given is common to every person, things of the same class.
    e.g. Man, women, boy girl, book, table, paper, chair, pen, city, university, cat and teacher.

2. Proper Nouns: special name of particular person, place and it always begin with capital letter.
    e.g. Kuala Lumpur, Red sea, Mount Everest, Kamariah, Sunday, Rafidah Aziz dan Malaysia.

3. Abstract nouns: the name of something that we can only think of, or feel but we cannot see.
    e.g. Love, pain , hope sadness, courage and joy.

4. Concrete Nouns: something you can touch and see.
    e.g. father, dog, rice, house, soap powder, apple, shoes and fish.

5. Collective Nouns: the name of persons or things taken or thought all in one:
    e.g. Army, class, flock, team
          Army of soldiers
          A class of student
          A team of players

6. Countable Nouns: e.g. fruits, children, house, teeth.

7. Uncountable Noun: e.g. water, sugar, powder, smoke.   

8. Singular Nouns: A cat, a child, a house, a pair of socks.

9. Plural Nouns: several cats, children, houses, 2 pair of socks




Pronouns

words which are use instead of nouns they, we, it, I, she, he, your.

e.g. Ezreen bought a book.
       She told it for five dollars.

      Zahidah has a cat.
      She like it very much.

There are many kinds of pronoun

1. Personal Pronouns, which stand for:-

a)   the first person-------who speak
      e.g. I, me, we, us


b)   2nd person-------a person spoken to
       e.g. you

c)   the 3rd person------a person or a thing spoken about.
      e.g. he, him, she, her, it, they, them.


2. Possessive Pronouns: show ownership that something belongs to somebody.
     e.g. mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs.
           This pen is mine, this book is yours.

 3. Demonstrative Pronouns: which point out

     e.g. this, that, there, those.
           This is my hat, that is yours.


4. Interrogative Pronouns: which are used to ask questions.
    e.g. Who? Whom? Whose? Which? What?
           Who give the money to you?
           Whose is this?


5. Relative Pronouns: which stands for nouns or pronouns and at the same time join two sentence (like conjunction)
     e.g. She is the girl who call me.
            She is the girl whom you asked for.




The Verb

A verb is a word which says something about a person or a thing.

e.g. play, walking, talking, sitting

 
A verb has 3 main tenses.
TENSES means TIME - when action takes place.

1. The Present Tense: action happening NOW
    e.g. Here he comes
           She sits near me.
           See how she dances

a) Habitual or repeated action: that is to state that something usually, often or always happens or done
    e.g. She eats every day.
           He sings well.
           She never tells lies.


b) To tell fact and general truth:
     e.g. The sun rises in the east.
            We eat to live.
            The world is round.


2. The Past Tense:

a) is to show things that happened in the past.
    e.g. We went to Langkawi last week.
           She danced at the party yesterday.
           He told a story last friday.

b) to express an action wholly completed in the pass
    e.g. We danced all night.
           We sang all the way home.
           We wait until late in the night.

c) used to speak politely
    e.g. Could you help me, please? (instead of can you..........?)
           Did you wish to speak to her? (instead of do you.......?)



3. The Future Tense: is used to tell something that will happen or done in the future, that is- tomorrow, next year, or another day.
     e.g. he will came tomorrow
           she arrive next week
           I shall see him tomorrow
          Ali will do it later

"will" is used in placed of "shall" to express a decision or determination:
      e.g I will certainly help you for yyour project.
           We will not fail in our duty as a Nurse.

In the same way "shall" is used in place of "will" to express an order or command
      e.g. you shall not join the group
             he shall not go to the disco 
    



The Adjective


An adjective is usually used before a noun. it is a word that adds something to the meaning of a noun.

It is a describing word
    e.g. Rahim is a short boy
          Ramlah is poor but honest.
         Good girls not get into trouble.  



 
KIND OF ADJECTIVE

Adjective of quality 
it shows what kind
   e.g. Big man 
         Pretty girl
         long hair


adjective quantity ( it tell how many and how much )
   e.g. One boy
         Two cats
         Third boy
         Some water
         Few friend
         No gold


Possessive adjective ( which shows ownership)
    e.g. my girl 
          Your book
          His hat
        
Interrogative adjective ( which is use in question )
    e.g. What time
           Which fish 
           Whose cat


Demonstrative adjective ( which point out )
     e.g. This boy
            That girl
            This book
            those children




PREPOSITION


Is a word which is use before a nouns or pronoun to show how it is joined.
   e.g. On     :The book is on the table beside the file
          From : Fatimah came from Japan last week
          Under: They kill the snake under the tree
          At      : The accident happen at midnight



ARTICLE

there is 3 type or article which is :


1) Indefinite Article :
      - a and an are used with singular countable nouns to refer to:
        a thing or an idea that is mentioned for the first time
                   e.g This is a kidney dish


2) Definite Article
       - the is use before the name of seas, rivers, ocean and organosation.
                   e.g The Malaysian red crescent association has chosen Siti Nurhaliza to be their ambassador.

3) No Article
      - before plural and uncountable nouns and when talking about things in general
                 e.g Vegetable are good for you 


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


ARTICLE

- An
- The
- A


NOUNS
- Idea                      -Parent                     -Apple                           -Effect
- Example               -Children                   -Legacy                         -Equilibrium                  
- Today                  -Line                          -Power                          -Criticism
- Years                   -Command                -Audience                      -Handle
- Source                 -Information               -net                                -Library
- Can                     -Would                       -Minor                           -Dogs
- Seat up                -Understand               -Business                        -Environment
- Software              -Characters                -School                          -Nation
-stake                    -Internet                      -British                           -Mankind 
-Items                    -Manager                   -UK                               -Increase
-Way                      -email                        -User                             -Address
-Salesperson          -Rumors                    -Indicate                          -Nacker
-Analyzer               -Age                          -Pentagon                       -Impact
-Justification           -Mind                         -Adult                            -Younger sister
-Crimes                  -Commission              -Talent                           -Like
-Than                     -Government              -Computer                     -Dont


THE VERB

-Ignore                -Responsible                -It                                    -Wave
-Redefine            -Display                       -Is                                    -File
-Site                    -Mutilation                   -Features                          -Have
-Post                   -Circulate                    -Minor                              -Can
-Own                  - Make                        -Operate                           -Need
-Reach                - Realising                    -Inculate                           -Organisation
-Disseminate        -Define                        -Be                                   - May
-Even                  -Idea                           -Take                                -Became
-Are                    -Overload             -Threaten                 -Feel
    

 ADVERB

-This                 -Never                       -Before                   -That
-So                   -By                           -Cut                         - Even
-However         -Without                   -Regardless               -How
-Most               -More                       -Today                     -On
-Any                 -In                            -Their                       -Aft
-Only                -Also                       -When                      -Time
-That                 -Which                    -Constantly              -Overall
-Around            -Out                         




ADJECTIVE

-Unidentify        -Smooth            -Japanese                  -Fast
-Accessible       -Worthy            -Graphic             -Powerful
-Large               -Ever                -Irresponsible           -Number
-Incorrect         -Safe                 -Materal                   -Young
-Difficult           -Expansive         -Individual                -Involve
-Many              -Malicious         -Net                         -Erroneus
-Dangerous       -Secret             -Capable                  -Which
-Only                -Ugly               -Tomorrow               -What
-Greather          -Level              -Certain                    -Large
-Inaccurate       -Possible         



PREPOSITION

-But                  -Of                    -For                  -In
-To                   -Into                  -At                   -By
-And                 -Within              -Up                  -On
-Than               -In                      -All                  -With
-Over               -From                -Down              -Without
-Under             -Since                 -Below            -Till  


CONJUNCTION

-And               -Since                -Which             -However
-That               -Or                    -Us                  -Than
-On                 -How                 -Where            -But 
-Before


PRESENT TENSE

-Is              -Understanding           -


PAST PARTICIPATE

-Been
-Done
-Reached



PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
-have
-is
-be
-has
-created


NUMBERS
-1997
-65%
-794
-10
-12


SINGULAR
-arrival                            -society                            -has                              -tool
-specio                            - did                                 -individual                     -is
-needs  


PLURAL
-Parents                         -organisation                       -first                             -children
-angers                          -levels                                -schools                        -others
-indications                    


PAST TENSE
-Needed                        -considered                        -fielded                        -generated
-revolutionised               -prompted                          -found                          -unsdicited
-crippled                        -broked                              -unidentified                  -was
-intended                        -reached                           





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